Pekín o Beijing (chino simplificado y tradicional: 北京, pinyin: Běijīng, Wade-Giles: Pei-ching, pronunciado: [pèi.tɕíŋ], literalmente «capital del Norte») es uno de los cuatro municipios que, junto con las veintidós provincias, cinco regiones autónomas y dos regiones administrativas especiales, conforman la República Popular China. Además Pekín es la capital del país y una de las ciudades más pobladas del mundo con 21 150 000 personas en 2013.
Situada en la periferia de la antigua civilización china, Pekín se convirtió en el baluarte de las potencias extranjeras que ocuparon China del Norte entre los siglos X y XII. La dinastía Liao estableció aquí su capital meridional, la más acreditada de las cinco del reino. La dinastía Jin, la siguiente dinastía "bárbara" emprendió un amplio proyecto urbanístico a imagen de la capital de los Song septentrionales, Kaifeng. En 1215 los mongoles arrasaron la ciudad, pero 50 años después Kublai Kan decidió edificar en ella la nueva capital.
En la zona centro-sur del trazado hipodámico se hallaba la colosal villa imperial que contenía el complejo de palacios imperiales. El emperador Yongle, el tercer Ming, decidió trasladar la capitalidad a Pekín. Las murallas del lado septentrional fueron trasladadas más hacia el Sur para que el complejo palaciego imperial, la llamada Ciudad Prohibida, quedase exactamente en el centro del plano. Así la estructura del nuevo Pekín representa la cima del urbanismo tradicional chino, basado en la organización introducida por los mongoles así como en la estructura de los palacios imperiales de Kaifeng y Nankín además de tomar en consideración las normas de la geomancia china (風水).
Pekín es uno de los cuatro municipios de China que poseen un estatus provincial y están bajo el control directo del gobierno central. Pekín ha sido municipalidad desde la creación de la República Popular China. Es una de las ciudades más pobladas de China, tan sólo superada por Shanghái en cuanto a población. Es considerada el corazón cultural, político y social de China.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekín
Beijing (/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Mandarin: [pèi.tɕíŋ]), formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, the world’s second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.
As a city combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is a megacity rich in history, exemplified in its global influence in politics, economy, education, history, culture, and technology. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation’s political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China’s largest state-owned companies and is a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010,and, as of 2016, the city’s subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world, after Shanghai’s subway system.
The city’s history dates back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for much of the past eight centuries.[15] With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have made it center of culture and art in China. Encyclopædia Britannica notes that "few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China." Beijing has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, as well as parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, all popular locations for tourism. Siheyuans, the city’s traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, making it the first city to ever host both Winter and Summer Olympics.
Many of Beijing’s 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world.[22] In 2015, 52 companies of the Fortune Global 500 company headquarters were located in Beijing, more than any other city in the world, including state-owned enterprises State Grid, China National Petroleum, and Sinopec Group, ranked 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, respectively. Beijing CBD is quickly becoming the center for Beijing’s economic expansion, rapid modernization, and radically changing skyline, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing’s Zhongguancun area is also known as China’s Silicon Valley and China’s center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship. According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey, Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory "Personal Finance Index," a measure of expats’ salaries versus cost of living in the city. Expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east, or in suburban districts such as Shunyi.
Posted by Enrique R G on 2018-06-06 11:43:35
Tagged: , Calle , Street , Edificios , Building , Aparcamiento , Parking , Pekín , Beijing , China , FujiXE3 , Fujinon10-24
